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mong the many varieties of Bellows available, the most common are metal expansion joints and single metal Bellows. Materials commonly used in manufacturing Bellows include stainless steel, titanium, Monel, and high-performing alloys such as Inconel and Hastelloy. Depending on the application, Bellows can also be fabricated from bronze, aluminum, as well as copper.

Stainless steel Bellows manufactured from alloys such as 321, 304, 304L, 316, and 316L are typical. However, for higher stress applications that apply extreme temperatures or pressures on parts, the best solution is often Inconel Bellows. Bellows made of Inconel 600 or 625 not only have higher temperature and pressure tolerance, they actually harden and become stronger over time, due to the materials unique properties.

Universal Expansion Joints have two separate Bellows in the assembly that are joined by a pipe section in the center. This design allows for large amounts of lateral deflection. Also, the assembly can accept movements axially and laterally. Universal expansion joints must be properly mounted and supported, similar to single unrestrained expansion joints. This expansion joint does not come with pressure resisting hardware.

Tied Universal Expansion Joints are integrated with tie rods that have been designed into the unit. Pressure thrust is restrained by adding tie rods to the assembly. This expansion joint will accept only small amounts of axial deviation, but it is capable of absorbing large amounts of lateral deviation. The Tied Universal Expansion is unique in that it can accept movement in multiple planes that makes it an excellent expansion joint for floating systems where a primary anchor would not be practical.