Other Products / Services #6351476

Product name: VARDENAFIL HYDROCHLORID

Alias: Valdenafil.HCl , VARDENAFIL, HYDROCHLORIDE SALT

CAS No.: 224785-91-5

Assay: 99%

cas no.: 119356-77-3

assay: 99%

molecular formula: c21h23no hcl

molecular weight: 341.88

description :

hydrochloride is an oral drug for the treatment of ed, used in the treatment of erectile dysfunction and premature ejaculation, erectile function impairment and premature ejaculation has very significant improvements. There are over 1500 documents to prove the caused by different causes impotence premature ejaculation, knew the success rate is above 80%, and show its reliable curative effect, through the use of more than 20 million people worldwide, proved its long-term stability, the safety of 25 to 60 minutes of work function to coincide with a time needed for foreplay, knew the time adjustment in the highest drug concentration time, help both husband and wife a satisfactory sex life.

initially, hydrochloride is given as a 30 mg tablet one to three hours before sexual intercourse. The dose may be increased by the prescribing doctor to 60 mg, depending on response and tolerance.

applications :

1. Treat male premature ejaculation and erectile dysfunction., marketed as (among and other brands) is the first compound developed specially for the treatment of premature ejaculation (pe) for men at the age of 18-64 years old. Works by inhibiting the serotonin transporter, increasingserotonins action at the post synaptic cleft, so as to delay ejaculation. As a member of selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor (ssri) family, was initially created as an antidepressant. However, unlike other ssris, is absorbed and eliminated rapidly in the body. Its fast response makes it suitable for the treatment of pe but not as an antidepressant.

2. Due to the lack of specific approval treatment for pe in the us and some other countries, other ssris such as fluoxetine, paroxetine, sertraline, fluvoxamine, and citalopram have been used as clinical drugs to treat pe. Waldingers meta analysis shows that the use of these conventional antidepressants increases ielt from two to nine times above base line in comparison of three to eight times when is used. However, these ssris must be taken daily in order to achieve meaningful efficacy, and the long half-life increases the risk of the drug accumulation and as a consequence an increased adverse effects such as decreasing sexual libido and causing erectile dysfunction. , on the other hand, is a fast-acting ssri. It is rapidly absorbed and eliminated from the body within a few hours. This favorable pharmacokinetics minimizes the risk of the drugs accumulation in the body, and therefore reducing side effects.

usage :

hydrochloride is a drug that is used to treat premature ejaculation in men. It is available by prescription and is taken orally, prior to sexual intercourse. The drug belongs to the class called serotonin reuptake inhibitors (ssris), which have mainly been used to treat depression.

CAS:65-19-0

EINECS:200-600-4

MF:C21H27ClN2O3

MW:390.9

Description :

Yohimbine Hydrochloride has shown to rapidly increase the Libido of both men and women and its properties as an aphrodisiac are well known throughout the scientific world. Yohimbine Hydrochloride increases the sex drive of men and is even used to treat hypoactive sexual desire disorder (under active libido) in women.

Applications :

1). Sexual dysfunction--------The NIH states that yohimbine hydrochloride is the standardized form of yohimbine that is available as a prescription medicine in the United States, and that it has been shown in human studies to be effective in the treatment of male erectile dysfunction. Yohimbine has been shown to be effective in the treatment of orgasmic dysfunction in men. Yohimbine has also been used to treat hypoactive sexual desire disorder (under active libido) in women.

2). Fat loss--------Yohimbine has shown to increase lipolysis in multiple studies.Administered prior to exercise, it boosts lipolysis and serum FFA levels both during and following exercise; blockade of adipocyte alpha-2 adrenoreceptors makes at least a modest contribution to this pro-lipolytic activity. Pre-exercise yohimbine administration has the potential to down-regulate the lipoprotein lipase activity of visceral adipocytes, increase lipolysis in refractory gynoid fat depots, and improve the impaired lipolytic response to exercise in the elderly

Dosage :

First, Yohimbine HCl must NOT be taken with food or vitamin supplements of any kind. It must be taken by itself on an empty stomach in between meals or in a fasted state when you first wake up in the morning. It also is best to spread dosing throughout the day as this also helps with its appetite suppressing effects which will help maximize your weight loss when taking it.

The minimum dosing is set at 5 mg per day, with 2.5 mg taken 2 times per day on an empty stomach in between meals as described above. Wait at least 20-30 minutes until you eat after administration.

Maximum Results: In order to achieve the maximum effects when taking this supplement, the following dosing guidelines should be met.

Dosages of 0.2mg/kg bodyweight have been successfully used to increase fat burning without significant implications on cardiovascular parameters like heart rate and blood pressure. This results in a dosage of: 14 mg for a 150lb person, 18 mg for a 200lb person, and 22 mg for a 250lb person.

Recipe :

1g yohimbine hcl.

1ml BA as an anaesthetic, but it also makes it bacstat.

9ml of ethyl alcohol.

90ml of distilled water.

Let dissolve in the BA and EA for 10 min and then add water it will look cloudy after the water is added, but that doesn't matter because it will look the same after it goes through a 0.22 syringe filter.

CAS 841205-47-8

MF C19H14F3N3O3

MW 389.3279696

As a research chemical, Ostarine belongs to a class of chemicals know as SARMS or selective androgen receptor modulators. SARMS create selective anabolic activity at certain androgen receptors. In comparison to testosterone and other anabolic steroids, the advantage of SARMS, is they do not have androgenic activity in non-skeletal muscle tissues. Ostarine is effective in maintaining and increasing lean body mass.

Application :

Selective androgen receptor modulators may be used by athletes to assist in training and increase physical stamina and fitness, potentially producing effects similar to anabolic steroids.

Usage of MK-2866 :

1. Lean muscle gains (bulking)

Ostarine is the most anabolic of any SARMS, making its first and foremost use for wanting to gain lean muscle. The gains in total weight will not be comparable to bulking steroids, however the total gains will almost entirely be lean muscle.

The gains that are made on ostarine are very keepable and users generally see an increase of up to 7 lbs. of lean body mass over and 8 week cycle at 25mg day (diet dependent). The most common dosage is 25 mg for 8 weeks. The side effects that one encounters with steroid use will not be present on cycle.

Generally, with ostarine, the higher the dosage, the more suppression. Although suppression is minimal and is nowhere comparable to suppression that one encounters on steroids, any cycle of ostarine over a 4 weeks period requires a 3 week mini pct. A serm is not required in this pct.

2. Losing Bodyfat (cutting)

Ostarine would primarily fit into a cutting protocol for the maintenance of muscle mass while reducing calories. One of the most disheartening outcomes of cutting is the loss hard earned muscle mass. The drop in metabolic rate and hormone levels (T3, IGF, Testosterone etc) with the lack of calories is a perfect catabolic environment for loss of muscle tissue. As Ostarine has anabolic effects, the dieter can cut calories without having to worry about muscle or strength loss. Ostarine has also shown noticeable nutrient partitioning effects among users, another reason why it can be of great help when cutting.

A 15-20 mg dosing protocol for 6-8 weeks is good for cutting with Ostarine without undergoing any side effects or high suppression. However it must be stated that due to the lack of androgenicity, muscle hardness and overall results are not as prominent as with the SARM S-4.

Name: SR9009

Synonyms: Stenabolic

CAS No.: 1379686-30-2

Molecular formular: C20H24ClN3O4S

Molecular Weight: 437.94

Appearance: White powder

Purity: 99%

Sr9009 Description:

SR9009 is a research drug that was developed by Professor Thomas Burris of the Scripps Research Institute as an agonist ofRev-ErbA (i.e., increases the constitutive repression of genes regulated by Rev-ErbA)with a half-maximum inhibitory concentration (IC50) = 670 nM for Rev-ErbA and IC50 = 800 nM for Rev-ErbA. Activation of Rev-erb- by in mice SR9009 increases exercise capacity in mice by increasing mitochondria in skeletal muscle.

SR9009 Function:

A new compound called SR9009 increases metabolism, fat burning, and muscle growth in the lab. Scientists at The Scripps Research Institute (TSRI) have successfully tested a drug, called SR9009, in mice that kickstarts metabolism and results in increased muscle development. Essentially, it's an exercise regime in a pill.

SR9009 alters the metabolic profile of skeletal muscle in a manner similar to the changes observed

[in] animals [that] are endurance trained. Basically, the drug sends a signal to the muscle to tell it to modify its metabolism.

Half of the mice studied showed improved running endurance in terms of both time and distance.

What was clearly interesting was that a small, drug-like molecule could increase metabolic rate in skeletal muscle and increase exercise endurance

Product nameCJC-1295 with DAC

Other nameCjc-1295, CJC-1295 with DAC

CAS863288-34-0

Molecular formulaC152H252N44O42

Molecular weight3367.2

Related substance2.0%

purity98.0%

AppearanceWhite powder

Description

CJC 1295 with dac (synonym CJC1295/DAC, changed kind (GRF 1-29) with drug affinity complex) belongs to category of tetrasubtituted amide endocrines and contains thirty amino acids; conjointly it is represented as analog of GH emotional hormone. Its formula is C165H269N47O46 and its molecular mass is 3647.28.

Application

CJC-1295 DAC and CJC-1295 (also known as Modified GRF 1-29) are both Releasing Hormones (GHRH). Their action in the human body is identical but the difference between the two peptides are the span of the half-life. Modified GRF 1-29 and Sermorelin have a very short acting half-life of about 30 minutes, while CJC-1295 DAC has a half-life that can last up to approximately 8 days. Many a scientist have reported that the short half-life of Sermorelin and Modified GRF 1-29 is considered to be much more natural as they produce a short pulse of Human.

What are the cjc-1295 side effects?

CJC-1295 side effects are related to its stimulation of the pituitary gland. First, a surge of growth hormone (GH) will occur, sometimes causing vasodilation which is felt as a headrush or euphoria that lasts 30 minutes to 2 hours post injection. Mild irritation such as itching, redness, and pain is frequently noticed at the injection site and is not severe in most cases. At the cellular level, CJC-1295 raises HGH, and research shows subjects have increased fat metabolism, increased muscular mass and strength, and improved skin tone and muscular definition. Diet and exercise in conjunction with CJC-1295 will enhance effects.

CJC-1295 Doses

Modified GRF 1-29(cjc1295 w/o DAC):

Dose per injection: 100mcg

Injections per vial: 20 x 100mcg dosages

Amount to Inject: If you have used 1ml of water for mixing then a 100mcg dosage = 0.05ml (or 5 units on Insulin Syringe). If you have used 2ml of water for mixing then 100mcg = 0.10ml (or 10 units) and if you have used 3ml of water for mixing, then 100mcg = 0.15ml (or 15 units).

PEG-MGF Description

PEG-MGF is a muscle change caused by strict exercise and muscle damage. Structural differences in liver tissue synthesis of IGF-1 and other factors, MGF into the muscle fiber repair skeletal muscle tissue, to prevent damage to cell death. It adds stem cells to the muscle and is triggered by a stimulus pulse after a significant mechanical stress is experienced in the muscle tissue. With age, MGF gene transcription is small, which is why the elderly muscle mass decline, some diseases will also affect its production.

According to a study in the UK, older people who exercise and accept hormones called "mechanical growth factor" (MGF) show an increase in muscle mass.

PEG-MGF Application

PEG-MGF is used to enhance the purpose of websites and systems by increasing lean muscle and fat reduction

PEG-MGF may benefit: PEG-MGF stimulates muscle growth (hypertrophy); increases muscle growth from training; rapid repair of existing muscle cells; increases muscle cell count (proliferation); reduces protein breakdown; increases muscle repair after injury Speed and degree

Consumption method 1: Immediately after exercise immediately into the muscle

Consumption method 2: subcutaneous injection into fat layer

Injection preparation: 1 ml (100 IU) of sterile solution was added to the PEG-MGF vial. Each 200mcg is equal to 0.1ml (10IU).

PEG-MGF at a dose of 1: 200 mcg (10 IU) of PEG-MGF was separated on both sides of the newly cultured muscle, i.e. 100 mcg left, 100 mcg

PEG-MGF was injected into the abdominal fat at a dose of 2: 200 mcg (10 IU) of PEG-MGF

PEG-MGF dose per vial: 10 x 200 mcg dose (10 doses per vial)

PEG MGF Usage

The Mechano factor (MGF) exhibits a local effect in skeletal muscle and does not pass through the body without change. The problem of synthetic Mechano factor (MGF) is intramuscular introduction and is water-based, so it enters the bloodstream. When used in this way, the Mechano factor (MGF) remains stable only in the blood for a few minutes. The bio-made MGF is made locally and does not enter the blood.

PEG-MGF function

I G F-1 is a hormone consisting essentially of 70 amino acids that are structurally similar to insulin.

GHRP-2, like its brother GHRP-6, is a hexapeptide that is a pure growth hormone secretagogue. In addition, GHRP-2 is a synthetic agonist of ghrelin. Unlike GHRP-6, this peptide does not bring on the heavy hunger side effects associated with GHRP-6; however, some users will notice slight increases in hunger. Somewhere in between GHRP-6 and iPamorelin, this hexapeptide has the ability to be a serious contender when considering which GHRP to use with your GHRH.

Remember way back when I addressed the amazing ability GHRP-6 has in improving the production of the hormone ghrelin in the stomach (a hormone that controls hunger and GH release)? Well let me tell you about GHRP-2 and why this peptide is one step better than its little brother GHRP-6. Unlike GHRP-6 , GHRP-2 does not come with the heavy hunger side effect, but still maintains all the benefits of activating ghrelin.

3. GHRP-2 effect

The single polypeptide chain composed of six amino acids is a growth hormone releasing peptide. This hexapeptide not only functions to stimulate ghrelin release, but it also works to correct production of low level growth hormone. Simply put, GHRP-2 is perfectly designed with the intention of releasing human growth hormone from the pituitary gland. These mechanisms have been shown to promote lean body gains in lean body individuals. Since GHRP-2 is a ghrelin agonist, it helps to promote the secretion of human growth hormone in a two fold process. For one, it acts to boost growth hormone through amplification of the transduction pathway. In addition, it suppresses the action of somatostatin (a hormone which limits the release of growth hormone). These actions make GHRP-2 a perfect option to increase endogenous growth hormone levels.

triptorelin, hormone peptides triptorelin , a decapeptide (pglu-his-trp-ser-tyr-d-trp-leu-arg-pro-gly-nh2) , is a gonadotropin-releasing hormone agonist (gnrh agonist) used as the acetate or pamoate salts . By causing constant stimulation of the pituitary , it decreases pituitary secretion of gonadotropins luteinizing hormone (lh) and follicle stimulating hormone (fsh) . Like other gnrh agonists , triptorelin may be used in the treatment of hormone-responsive cancers such as prostate cancer or breast cancer , precocious puberty , estrogen-dependent conditions (such as endometriosis or uterine fibroids) , and in assisted reproduction .

triptorelin, it is also used as therapy in cases of gender dysphoria . Triptorelin is marketed under the brand names decapeptyl (ipsen) and diphereline and gonapeptyl (ferring pharmaceuticals) . In the united states , it is sold by watson pharmaceuticals as trelstar . In iran triptorelin is marketed under the brand name variopeptyl (varian darou pajooh).

triptorelin is a gonadotropin-releasing hormone agonist used as the acetate or pamoate salts. By causing constant stimulation of the pituitary, it decreases pituitary secretion of gonadotropins luteinizing hormone and follicle stimulating hormone.

triptorelin, during the treatment of prostate cancer it does cause a surge of testosterone (an initial uplevel of testosterone levels) , known as a flare effect . In men a reduction of serum testosterone levels into the range normally seen after surgical castration occurs approximately two to four weeks after initiation of therapy . In contrast , gonadotropin-releasing hormone antagonists do not cause a surge , but a sudden reduction of testosterone levels.

application

triptorelin may be used in the treatment of hormone-responsive cancers such as prostate cancer or breast cancer, precocious puberty, estrogen-dependent conditions, and in assisted reproduction. Triptorelin is marketed under the brand names decapeptyl and diphereline and gonapeptyl.

in the united states, it is sold by watson as trelstar.in iran triptorelin is marketed under the brand name variopeptyl.in india, dr. Reddy's laboratories has launched recently triptorelin under the brand name "pamorelin la". During the treatment of prostate cancer it does cause a surge of testosterone, known as a flare effect. In men a reduction of serum testosterone levels into the range normally seen after surgical castration occurs approximately two to four weeks after initiation of therapy.

triptorelin, growth hormone peptides triptorelin can be used on its own or with other types of treatment . It may be used before or after surgery or radiotherapy . It may also be used to control prostate cancer that has spread to other parts of the body (advanced or metastatic prostate cancer).

triptorelin, triptorelin can be given for months or years , depending on your situation . Some men with advanced prostate cancer may have intermittent therapy with triptorelin . This involves having triptorelin treatment for a few months until the cancer is at a very low level (measured by a blood test called a psa test) . You then have a break from treatment and restart triptorelin when its needed.

usage and dosage

triptorelin is usually given once every 4, 12, or 24 weeks. Your dose schedule will depend on the strength of triptorelin you are using. Follow all directions on your prescription label. Do not use this medicine in larger or smaller amounts or for longer than recommended.

triptorelin is injected into a muscle. You may be shown how to use injections at home. Do not self-inject this medicine if you do not understand how to give the injection and properly dispose of used needles and syringes.

Selank or selanc is a synthetic heptapeptide analog of the endogenous tetrapeptide tuftsin, with the sequence Thr-Lys-Pro-Arg-Pro-Gly-Pro. Selank is sometimes called tuftsin analog 7. Tuftsin was discovered by Victor Najjar in 1969 (Siemion and Kluczyk, 1999), is produced primarily in the spleen, and is a fraction of Immunoglobulin Gamma (IgG). Selank was first synthesized in Russia as part of efforts to find a "superagonist" version of tuftsin, because tuftsin .

The effects of selank can be divided into two broad categories: neurological and immunomodulatory, with the former coming from selank's effects on BDNF (brain-derived neurotrophic factor) upregulation and enkephalin preservation, and the latter coming from the stimulatory effect of selank on phagocytes, neutrophils, and other immune cells. Selank has shown anxiolytic, nootropic, antidepressant, bacteriocidal, antitumor, and effects in vitro and in vivo as well as promise for various chronic and acute disease states. While selank's actions may be viewed as belonging to two categories, the emerging field of "neuroimmunology" provides new explanations for the effects of immunomodulators on memory and behavior.

Selank effects

Experimental and clinical studies showed the following pharmaclogical effects of Selank:

improvement of learning and memory processes

increased sensory attention

increased curiosity

increased mental clarity

restoration of balance of serotonergic and noradrenergic brain system activity

anti-anxiety - inhibition of anxiety

antiviral activity with no negative effects

psychostimulant, anti-asthenic - increased mental energy

stabilization of mood and overall feeling of wellbeing

reversal of anhedonia

potential restoration of catecholaminergic system functions after damage due to drug abuse reference

Selank dosage

It's always best to start with a low dose and gradually build up to your individual comfortable levels.

Injectable Selank use (more effective):

duration: from 10 days to as long as needed

dosage: between 250 mcg - 3 mg per day

frequency of injection:1 injection per day for low dose, 2 injections for higher dose (divided between morning and late afternoon injection)

Gonadorelin is another name for gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH). It is a synthetic decapeptide prepared using solid phase peptide synthesis. GnRH is responsible for the release of follicle stimulating hormone and leutinizing hormone from the anterior pitutitary.

GnRH is available as gonadorelin hydrochloride )and gonadorelin diacetate tetrahydrate for injectable use. Studies have described it being used via an infusion pump system to induce ovulation in patients with hypothalamic hypogonadism. It is also used in veterinary medicine as a treatment for cattle with cystic ovarian disease.

Gonadorelin is responsible for the release of follicle stimulating hormone and leutinizing hormone from the anterior pitutitary. In the pituitary GnRH stimulates synthesis and release of FSH and LH, a process that is controlled by the frequency and amplitude of GnRH pulses, as well as the feedback of androgens and estrogens.

Application:

Gonadorelin is a medicine that is the same as gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) that is naturally released from the hypothalamus gland.

GnRH causes the pituitary gland to release other hormones (luteinizing hormone [LH] and follicle-stimulating hormone [FSH]). LH and FSH control development in children and fertility in adults.

Gonadorelin is used to test how well the hypothalamus and the pituitary glands are working. It is also used to cause ovulation (release of an egg from the ovary) in women who do not have regular ovulation and menstrual periods because the hypothalamus gland does not release enough GnRH.

Gonadorelin is used to test how well the hypothalamus and the pituitary glands are working. It is also used to cause ovulation (release of an egg from the ovary) in women who do not have regular ovulation and menstrual periods because the hypothalamus gland does not release enough GnRH.

Gonadorelin is responsible for the release of follicle stimulating hormone and leutinizing hormone from the anterior pitutitary. In the pituitary GnRH stimulates synthesis and release of FSH and LH, a process that is controlled by the frequency and amplitude of GnRH pulses, as well as the feedback of androgens and estrogens.

The pulsatility of GnRH secretion has been seen in all vertebrates, and it is necessary to ensure a correct reproductive function. Thus a single hormone, GnRH, controls a complex process of follicular growth, ovulation, and corpus luteum maintenance in the female, and spermatogenesis in the male. Its short half life requires infusion pumps for its clinical use.

Product Name:Epithalon

Alias:Epitalon

CAS NO:307297-39-8

Molecular Formular:C14H22N4O9

Molecular Weight:390.3459

Epithalon Description

Epitalon is a protein peptide that can stimulate the body's own natural production of telomerase within our it's cells.By doing this, it strengthens telomeres for reproduction. Your body makes telomerase, but it needs to be stimulated with the right precursors.Over time it should lengthen the telomeres of cells and refresh your entire body.

According to scientific studies based on animal test subjects, Epithalon (also known as Epitalon) has been shown to function with telomeres, which are areas of repeating DNA sequences that function to prevent gene degradation near the end of chromosomes.

Over time, telomeres become too small and weak to contain the sequence because of cell division, and the DNA becomes disrupted, which signals the start of the aging process.Epithalon works to replenish the enzyme that allows telomeres to remain more stabilized and better equipped to hold DNA in place.

Application:

After 12 years of taking the peptide Epitalon several weeks per year, the scientists subjects in this study, showed a lifespan 30 to 50% longer than those who didn't take it. Taking Epithalon gave them an average of 7 extra years of life in excellent health

This clinical study lasted only for 12 years, and they gained 7 extra years of life, but of course, nothing stops you from taking Epitalon forever, and live healthy for ever !

Rejuvenated cells are also the key to an efficient immune system. For that reason, taking Epitalon will also keep your body fit against all the diseases.

This small peptide is simply made of 4 amino acids, but its effect on the body is the most amazing thing that we had ever imagined and witnessed.

This amazing oral supplement is taken by numerous doctors around the world, and a few privileged patients that consult them. Now you can have it too !

Follistatin is a single-chain gonadal protein that specifically inhibits follicle-stimulating hormone release. The single FST gene encodes two isoforms, FST317 and FST344 containing 317 and 344 amino acids respectively, resulting from alternative splicing of the precursor mRNA.

Follistatin binds directly to activin and functions as an activin antagonist. specific inhibitor of the biosynthesis and secretion of pituitary follicle stimulating hormone (fsh).

Follistatin, specifically Follistatin 344 (FS344), quickly gained popularity in the bodybuilding community as a potential supplement to rapidly increase lean tissue mass. Another protein, follistatin-related gene (FLRG) acts on similar pathways as FS344 regarding its muscle building properties.

Application & Effects

1) Follistatin 344 / FST promote muscle growth due to the unique mechanism of action, FST joint use of steroids, IGF has better results. It only acts on muscle tissue , after use will not cause the proliferation of other tissue cells.

2) Follistatin 344 / FST works by binding to and inhibiting transforming growth factor- (TGF-) peptides such as myostatin which is responsible for regulating and limiting muscle growth

How Follistatin 344 works ?

Follistatin works by binding to and inhibiting TGF-peptides such as myostatin which is responsible

for regulating and limiting muscle growth.

Follistatin 344 also suppresses the pituitary gland synthesis and secretion of follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH).

most proteins discussed in the fitness world, follistatin has carbohydrates attached to it.

Follistatin 344 dosage

Follistatin is recommended for research, but people who have tried it themselves typically take injection 100 mcg/day of dose via injections for 10 to 30 days. Ideally it can be taken every third day. People who have taken doses up to 200 mcg have not shown suffered from any adverse effects than the ones who have taken lower doses.

T3 in the body is responsible for regulating the uptake of various nutrients into cells and into the mitochondria of those cells in order to effectively become utilized for the production and consumption of energy.

The mitochondria of every single cell in the body utilizes carbohydrates (primarily), fat, and even protein for the production of an energy source known as ATP (Adenosine Triphosphate). Through the intake of more T3, this production of ATP will increase, leading to an increased rate of energy consumption in the form of fats, carbohydrates, and protein. Hence, this is why the consumption of too much T3 without the use of anabolic steroids can result in muscle loss.

The bodybuilding and athletic world is attracted to the use of T3 as a physique and/or performance enhancing drug because of its capability to distinctly boost the body's metabolism in the effort to metabolize body fat at a greater rate.

Applications

Cytomel (T3) does speed fat loss. As a guideline, for most 12.5 mcg/day is a conservative "supplement" sort of dosing that seems to have no detectable adverse effect on thyroid function at all. 25 mcg/day is a "supplement" sort of dosing that does have some inhibitory effect. 50 mcg/day is a reasonably conservative bb'ing sort of dose that, of course, is more inhibitory. 75 mcg/day is getting into more of a problem area; 100 mcg/day in many cases leads to loss of muscle size and strength.

These doses are in reference to legit T3 provided in tablets such as Cytomel. Liquid formulations are usually unstable and as a result, the above numbers in many cases won't match up to experiences with liquid products, or for that matter, experience with a liquid product at one time may not match up with experience at a different time, due to the stability problem.

Dosages of T3

In the first approach, the goal is to achieve an ongoing edge in fat loss or to help maintain a near-personally-ideal body composition. In this approach, T3 dosing is very low, preferably 12.5 mcg/day but in some cases as much as 25 mcg/day. At the lower end of this range, typically thyroid testing will show no detectable suppression even with prolonged use. At the higher end, moderate suppression is sometimes seen, but results are superior to when T3 is not taken, and the suppression reverses rapidly upon discontinuing T3 use.

Levothyroxine (INN, USAN) or L-Thyroxine Sodium Salt is a synthetic thyroid hormone that is chemically identical to thyroxine (T4), which is naturally secreted by the follicular cells of the thyroid gland. It is used to treat thyroid hormone deficiency, and occasionally to prevent the recurrence of thyroid cancer. Like its naturally secreted counterpart, levothyroxine is a chiral compound in the L-form. The related drug dextrothyroxine (D-thyroxine) was used in the past as a treatment for hypercholesterolemia (elevated cholesterol levels) but was withdrawn due to cardiac side effects. It is on the World Health Organization's List of Essential Medicines, a list of the most important medication needed in a basic health system.

L-Thyroxine Sodium Salt is typically used to treat hypothyroidism, and is the treatment of choice for patients with hypothyroidism, who often require lifelong thyroid hormone therapy. It may also be used to treat goiter via its ability to lower thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH), a hormone that is considered goiter-inducing. Levothyroxine is also used as interventional therapy in patients with nodular thyroid disease or thyroid cancer to suppress thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) secretion.

Applications

Levothyroxine is typically used to treat hypothyroidism, and is the treatment of choice for patients with hypothyroidism, who often require lifelong thyroid hormone therapy.It may also be used to treat goiter via its ability to lower thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH), a hormone that is considered goiter-inducing.Levothyroxine is also used as interventional therapy in patients with nodular thyroid disease or thyroid cancer to suppress thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) secretion.

1. Carnitine is a kind of B-class vitamin. Owing to its similar structure as amino acids, some people therefore also classify it as an amino acid. Its main function is to supply energy through facilitating the transport of long chain fatty acids. This prevents the fat accumulation in the heart, liver and skeletal muscle. It can control diabetes, fatty liver, and the fat metabolism disorder in heart disease. Taking carnitine can reduce damage to the heart. It can lower the level of blood triglyceride and also have certain role in boosting weight loss. Carnitine can further enhance the antioxidant effect of vitamin E and vitamin C.

2. Carnitine deficiency is sometimes congenital such as genetically deficiency of carnitine synthesis with symptoms including heartburn, muscle atrophy and obesity. Men need more carnitine than women. Vegetarian are more prone to get carnitine deficiency.

3. If the body has sufficient iron, thiamin, vitamin B6, lysine, methionine and vitamin C, carnitine would not be lacking. Carnitine-rich foods contain meat and offal.

Application

1. L-carnitine is a dietary supplement newly approved by China. It is mainly used to strengthen the soy-based baby food and promote the absorption and utilization of fat. D- and DL-type have no nutritional value. China states: it can be used in biscuits, drinking fluids and milk drinks with usage amount of 600 3000mg / kg; for solid drink, drinking liquid and capsules, the amount should be 250 600mg/kg; the amount of milk powder is 300 400mg / kg; the amount of use in infant formula is 70 90mg/kg (in terms of L- carnitine, 1g equivalent 0.68g L- carnitine tartrate).

2. Used in pharmaceutical, nutrient health food, functional beverages, and feed additives.

3. Used as appetite enhancers.

Product description

Theobromine, formerly known as xanthate, is a bitter alkaloid of a cocoa plant with a chemical formula of C7H8N4O2. It is classified as a xanthine alkaloid, which also includes similar theophylline compounds. The degree of methylation of the compounds is different.

Application

In modern medicine, theobromine is used as a vasodilator (vasodilator), a diuretic (urinary aid) and a cardiac stimulant. Theobromine increases urine production. Because of this diuretic effect and its ability to dilate blood vessels, theobromine has been used to treat high blood pressure.

lose weight

Theobromine is a mild stimulant and diuretic. These two properties can help you lose weight by helping you lose weight by giving physical activity a little energy to help you lose weight. Theobromine can also help suppress your appetite. It can be said that the ability to lose weight, including vasodilatation, diuretic and increase energy, can be promoted in a variety of ways, although these seem to be indirect.

use

In modern medicine, theobromine is used as a vasodilator (vasodilator), a diuretic (urinary aid) and a cardiac stimulant. Theobromine increases urine production. Because of this diuretic effect and its ability to dilate blood vessels, theobromine has been used to treat high blood pressure.

The health benefits of theobromine

Theobromine also relieves the bronchial muscles of the lungs. Theobromine can be used as a cough medicine. Studies have shown that theobromine acts on the vagus nerve, which flows from the lungs to the brain.

Theobromine has a similar effect to caffeine, but about 10 times weaker. Theobromine has the effect of diuretic, excitement and relaxation. Theobromine can lower blood pressure because it can dilate blood vessels.

Theobromine is irritating and is similar to caffeine. Unlike caffeine, theobromine does not affect the central nervous system.

Theobromine also relieves the bronchial muscles of the lungs. Theobromine can be used as a cough medicine. Studies have shown that theobromine acts on the vagus nerve, which flows from the lungs to the brain.

Rimonabant / Acomplia selectively blocks the CB1 receptors that are present in the brain and other peripheral organs important in fat/lipid and glucose metabolism, including muscle, gastrointestinal tract, liver and adipose tissue. Basically, it switches off those brain circuits that are responsible for making people hungry while smoking . Acomplia, along with CB1 receptors, reduces the EC system's over-activity.

Rimonabant / Acomplia is said to have reduced the overall body fat by 10% in one out of three users. Also, it is reported that those users did not gain back more than a kilo over the next two years if the patients remained on Rimonabant. Rimonabant was recommended for those with a BMI of 30 or greater, who were considered obese, and is most successful when combined with exercise and a proper diet.

Rimonabant (Acomplia) Function:

Rimonabant / Acomplia is an anorectic anti-obesity drug produced and marketed by Sanofi-Aventis. It is an inverse agonist for the cannabinoid receptor CB1. Its main avenue of effect is reduction in appetite. Rimonabant is the first selective CB1 receptor blocker to be approved for use anywhere in the world. Rimonabant is approved in 38 countries including the E.U., Mexico, and Brazil.

Rimonabant / Acomplia, Developed by Sanofi-Aventis, Acomplia (Rimonabant) is a selective CB1 receptor antagonist. In other words, Rimonabant is intended to promote weight loss by reducing the total number of calories an individual consumes on a daily basis.

Rimonabant / Acomplia works by blocking endogenous from binding to neuronal CB1 receptors. The activation of these receptors by endogenous , such as anadamide, increases an individuals appetite. By blocking the activation of the receptors, appetite suppression may occur.

Rimonabant (Acomplia) Dosage:

It is expected that the usual dose of rimonabant will be 20 mg once daily before breakfast. No dosage adjustment is recommended for the elderly, but this agent should be used with caution in patients older than 75 years of age.

Although rimonabant can be used in patients with mild hepatic impairment, caution is advised in patients with moderate impairment. This medication is not recommended for those with severe hepatic impairment.

Rimonabant may be used cautiously in patients with mild-to-moderate renal impairment, but it is not recommended for patients who are severely renally impaired.

There are no data supporting the use of rimonabant in pediatric populations.

Rimonabant should not be given to patients with a known hypersensitivity to the agent or any compound found in the tablet formulation.

The drug is contraindicated in lactat-ing women and is not recommended for use in women who are pregnant.

Description:

Lorcaserin, currently marketed under the trade name Belviq and previously Lorqess during development, is a weight-loss drug developed by Arena Pharmaceuticals. It has serotonergic properties and acts as an anorectic.

Lorcaserin is used long term for weight loss in those who are obese.BELVIQ is an FDA-approved prescription weight-loss medication that, when used with diet and exercise, can help some overweight adults with a weight-related medical problem, or obese adults, lose weight and keep it off.

Applications

Lorcaserin hydrochloride is an agonist of the 5-HT2C receptor and shows effectiveness at reducing obesity in animal models and humans. Further, 5-HT2C receptor is recognized as a well-accepted receptor target for the treatment of obesity, psychiatric, and other disorders.

A novel synthesis of antiobesity drug lorcaserin hydrochloride was accomplished in six steps. N-protection of 2-ethanamine with di-tert-butyl dicarbonate, N-alkylation with allyl bromide, deprotection, intramolecular Friedel-Crafts alkylation, chiral resolution with l-(+)-tartaric acid, and the final salification led to the target molecule lorcaserin hydrochloride in 23.1% overall yield with 99.9% purity and excellent enantioselectivity. This convenient and economical procedure is remarkably applicable for scale-up production

Functions & Usages

lorcaserin hydrochlorideis a serotonin 2C receptor agonist. It hasbeen shown to decrease food consumption and promote SA tiety by selectivelyactivating serotonin 2C receptors in the brain.

Lorcaserin HCl is specifically indicated as an adjunct to a reduced-calorie diet andincreased physical activity for chronic weight management in clinically obeseadults (BMI of 30 kg/m2 or greater) and overweight adults (BMI of 27 kg/m2 orgreater) with at least one weight-related comorbid condition.

Orlistat blocks some of the fat which you eat, keeping it from being absorbed because of your body. Orlistat is used to aid in weight reduction, or to lessen the risk of regaining weight lost.

This medicine is employed together with a reduced-calorie diet. Orlistat is good for use only in grown-ups. Orlistat (prescription and nonprescription) is utilized with an individualized low-calorie, low-fat eating and working out program to help lose weight. Prescription orlistat is used in overweight people who can also have high blood pressure, diabetes, high-cholesterol, or coronary disease.

Orlistat is also used after weight-loss to help keep from gaining back that weight. Orlistat is within a class of medications called lipase inhibitors. It functions by preventing a number of the fat in foods eaten from being absorbed from the intestines. This unabsorbed fat will be removed from our bodies in the stool.

Orlistat is currently internationally recognized as a new type of weight loss lipid-lowering drugs with the marketed product being under the name of Xenical. It was first listed in New Zealand in 1998 with annual sale of $ 146 million at that time. In 2007, the sale reaches $ 538 million, Orlistat occupy 80% of the market share of the global weight-loss market with the annual sale of only China Hong Kong year reaching 80 million US dollars.

Orlistat is a long-acting and potent specific inhibitor of gastrointestinal tract lipase, appearing as white or white-like powder at room temperature and being insoluble in water, soluble in chloroform and easily soluble in ethanol. It can form covalent bonds with the active serine sites of the gastric lipase and the pancreatic lipase in the stomach and small intestine cavity, resulting in inactivation of the enzymes. Fat in food cant be broken down into free fatty acids and monoacylglycerols so that the fat cant be absorbed and utilized, thereby having reduced the body's calorie intake to control the body weight.

Uses of Orlistat:

1) An antiobesity agent. A pancreatic lipase inhibitor. Antiobesity agent.

2) antidiabetic

3) Orlistat is an antiobesity agent. Orlistat is an pancreatic lipase inhibitor.

4) Tetrahydrolipstatin (orlistat) is a semi-synthetic derivative of lipstatin, a metabolite isolated from Streptomyces toxytricini. Tetrahydrolipstatin acts as a potent, irreversible inhibitor of pancreatic lipase. In vivo, it blocks the absorption of triglycerides while allowing fatty acid absorption. Tetrahydrolipstatin is widely used for the treatment of obesity.

Pyruvate is a 3-carbon energy intermediate produced in cells from glucose, en route to creating ATP (the main energy currency of working cells). Pyruvate supplementation has been proposed to enhance work output and weight loss by providing more efficient energy that bypasses the ability of the body to store glucose as body fat.

Many claim that calcium pyruvate can help with weight and/or fat loss. In theory, since it is the raw material for cellular respiration, supplementing with calcium pyruvate should increase the amount of energy burned, therefore allowing for more fat burning. The question is whether this is actually the case.

Application

Calcium pyruvate can enhance exercise endurance, increase cell energy, prevent or reduce due to too much caused by the consumption of fat and increase in body weight, heart, muscle inhibition efficiency, reduce the high fat fed cholesterol.

1. Calcium pyruvate as dietary supplements, has accelerated fat consumption, reduce weight, enhance human endurance, improve the efficacy of athletic performance etc.

2. A special protective effect on the heart, can enhance the effectiveness of the heart muscle, causing a reduction in heart disease or cardiac ischemia injury.

3. At the same time, calcium pyruvate engulfed in a free radicals and inhibit the formation of free radicals and other significant effects.

Side Effect

However, side effects, such as diarrhea, bloating, gas and increased bowel movements have been recorded. For those with heart disease, be sure to get calcium pyruvate, as compounds stabilized with sodium may increase blood pressure to dangerous levels.

Paracetamol, also known as acetaminophen or APAP, is a medication used to treat pain and fever. It is typically used for mild to moderate pain. There is poor evidence for fever relief in children. It is often sold in combination with other ingredients such as in many cold medications. In combination with opioid pain medication, paracetamol is used for more severe pain such as cancer pain and after surgery. It is typically used either by mouth or rectally but is also available intravenously. Effects last between two and four hours.

Paracetamol is generally safe at recommended doses. Serious skin rashes may rarely occur, and too high a dose can result in liver failure. It appears to be safe during pregnancy and when breastfeeding. In those with liver disease, it may still be used, but in lower doses. Paracetamol is classified as a mild analgesic. It does not have significant anti-inflammatory activity and how it works is not entirely clear.

Medical uses

Fever

Paracetamol is used for reducing fever in people of all ages.The World Health Organization (WHO) recommends that paracetamol be used to treat fever in children only if their temperature is greater than 38.5 C (101.3 F).The efficacy of paracetamol by itself in children with fevers has been questioned and a meta-analysis showed that it is less effective than ibuprofen.

Pain

Paracetamol is used for the relief of mild to moderate pain. The use of the intravenous form for pain of sudden onset in people in the emergency department is supported by limited evidence.

Osteoarthritis

The American College of Rheumatology recommends paracetamol as one of several treatment options for people with arthritis pain of the hip, hand, or knee that does not improve with exercise and weight loss. A 2015 review, however, found it provided only a small benefit in osteoarthritis.

Paracetamol has relatively little anti-inflammatory activity, unlike other common analgesics such as the NSAIDs aspirin and ibuprofen, but ibuprofen and paracetamol have similar effects in the treatment of headache. Paracetamol can relieve pain in mild arthritis, but has no effect on the underlying inflammation, redness, and swelling of the joint. It has analgesic properties comparable to those of aspirin, while its anti-inflammatory effects are weaker. It is better tolerated than aspirin due to concerns with bleeding with aspirin.

Low back pain

Based on a systematic review, paracetamol is recommended by the American College of Physicians and the American Pain Society as a first-line treatment for low back pain. However other systematic reviews concluded that evidence for its efficacy is lacking.

Headaches

A joint statement of the German, Austrian, and Swiss headache societies and the German Society of Neurology recommends the use of paracetamol in combination as one of several first line therapies for treatment of tension or migraine headache.In the treatment of acute migraine, it is superior to placebo, with 39% of people experiencing pain relief at 1 hour compared to 20% in the control group.

Lidocaine hydrochloride is chemically designated as acetamide, 2 - (diethylamino)-N-(2, 6-dimethyl) -, monohydrochloride and has a molecular weight of 270.8. The molecular formula is C14H22N2O.HCl. For lidocaine hydrochloride solutions containing epinephrine, which is chemically designated as (-) -3, 4-dihydroxy--[(methylamino) methyl] benzyl alcohol and has the molecular weight of 183 21. Its molecular formula is C9H13NO3. Lidocaine sterile lidocaine hydrochloride with epinephrine hydrochloride solution of lidocaine hydrochloride injections are sterile pyrogen-free solutions, water containing a local anesthetic with or without epinephrine and are administered intravenously injection.Dosage forms listed as xylocaine-MPF indicates a single dose solutions are methyl Araben REE P F (MPF).

Lidocaine Hydrochloride Application

Lidocaine hydrochloride (Lid-oh-kane hi-droh-clor-ride) is a medicine Which is used in Local anesthesia and heart rhythm disorders.

The information In this Medicine Guide for lidocaine hydrochloride varies ACCORDING to the condition being Treated and the special preparation used.

Lidocaine hydrochloride stops the feeling of pain. It can be used During medical procedures. Lidocaine hydrochloride Also can be used to treat Un certain types of irregular heartbeats.

Lidocaine HCL used topically to relieve itching, burning and pain of inflamed skin inhibit ion fluxes across membranes, particularly sodium transport across the cell membrane, increase decreases depolarization phase action potential blocking nerve action potential.

Indications: local dental anesthetic peripheral nerve blocks , caudal anesthesia , epidural spinal anesthesia, surgery.

How to use Lidocaine Hcl Cream

Before use on the skin, clean and dry the affected area as directed. Apply a thin layer of medication to the affected area of skin, usually 2 to 3 times a day or as directed.

If you are using the spray, shake the canister well before using. While holding the canister 3-5 inches (8-13 centimeters) from the affected area, spray until wet. If the affected area is on the face, spray the medication onto your hand and apply to the face. Do not spray near your eyes, nose, or mouth.

If you are using the foam, shake the canister well before using. Spray the foam onto your hand and apply to the affected area.

Procaine HCl is indicated for the production of local or regional analgesia and anesthesia by local infiltration and peripheral nerve block techniques.

Procaine HCL is actually a very simple combination of two B vitamins, PAPA (P-aminobenzoic acid) and DEAE (diethylaminoethanol) buffered and stabilized with benzoic acid and potassium metabisulfite for more effectiveness inside the body. Procaine hydrochloride is a compound combination of PABA and DEAE, a vitaminic substance first synthesized in 1905 by a German chemist, Dr. Albert Einhorn, who was looking for a simple, non-addictive anesthetic.

Procine Hydrochloride is the hydrochloride salt form of procaine, a benzoic acid derivative with local anesthetic and antiarrhythmic properties. Procaine binds to and inhibits voltage-gated sodium channels, thereby inhibiting the ionic flux required for the initiation and conduction of impulses. In addition, this agent increases electrical excitation threshold, reduces rate of rise of action potential and slows nerve impulse propagation thereby causing loss of sensation.

Procaine Hydrochloride Applications :

Procaine leads to the depression of neuronal activity. The depression causes the nervous system to become hypersensitive producing restlessness and shaking, leading to minor to severe convulsions. Studies on animals have shown the use of procaine led to the increase of dopamine and serotonin levels in the brain.Other issues may occur because of varying individual tolerance to procaine dosage. Nervousness and dizziness can arise from the excitation of the central nervous system, which may lead to respiratory failure if overdosed. Procaine may also induce weakening of the myocardium leading to cardiac arrest.

Procaine can also cause allergic reactions causing the individuals to have problems with breathing, rashes, and swelling. Allergic reactions to procaine are usually not in response to procaine itself, but to its metabolite PABA. About one in 3000 people have an atypical form of pseudocholinesterase, which does not hydrolyze ester anesthetics such as procaine, resulting in a prolonged period of high levels of the anesthetic in the blood and increased toxicity.

Tetracaine Description

Tetracaine HCL is synthesized from 4-butylaminobenzoic acid. The ethyl ester is formed through an acid-catalyzed esterification reaction. Base-catalyzed transesterification is achieved by boiling the ethyl ester of 4-butylaminobenzoic acid with excess 2-dimethylaminoethanol in the presence of a small amount of sodium ethoxide.

Tetracaine, also known as Amethocalne, Dlcalne, Pontocaine, Decicaine, is a kind of Local Anesthetic. It is highly soluable in Non-polar solvent, and combines with Plasma protein by 85%.

Tetracaine takes effect very fast. It just needs 1-2 min. Usually, its half life is 5-10 min. And it can lasts for 20 40min.

It is widely used as pain-killer in Mucosal surface anesthesia, Conduction anesthesia, Epidural anesthesia, Spinal anesthesia, Ophthalmic topical anesthesia and so on.

Tetracaine is more efficient than Procaine. It is 10-15 times more effective than it.

Tetracaine Application

Tetracaine (INN, also known as amethocaine; trade name Pontocaine. Ametop and Dicaine) is a potent local anesthetic of the ester group. It is mainly used topically in ophthalmology and as an antipruritic, and it has been used in spinal anesthesia.

In biomedical research, tetracaine is used to alter the function of calcium release channels (ryanodine receptors) that control the release of calcium from intracellular stores. Tetracaine is an allosteric blocker of channel function. At low concentrations, tetracaine causes an initial inhibition of spontaneous calcium release events, while at high concentrations, tetracaine blocks release completely.

Tetracaine HCL Usage:

The efficacy profile of lidocaine as a local anesthetic is characterized by a rapid onset of action and intermediate duration of efficacy. Therefore, lidocaine is suitable for infiltration, block, and surface anesthesia. Longer-acting substances such as bupivacaine are sometimes given preference for subdural and epidural anesthesias; lidocaine, though, has the advantage of a rapid onset of action.

In dental anesthesia, a relative insensitivity to lidocaine can occur for anatomical reasons due to unexpected positions of nerves. Some people with Ehlers-Danlos syndrome are insensitive to lidocaine.

Aarticaine HCL is a dental amide type local anesthetic. Aspirin is used to control pain. Like other local anesthetics, arthritis can cause short, completely reversible anesthesia (loss of sensation) during the (dental) procedure.

In dentistry, altexine is used both for infiltration and blockage, and the blocking technique produces the greatest duration of anesthesia. Of patients with hypokalemia who are overly stimulated, lidocaine is not very effective, but adeficin is effective.

Comparative studies of lidocaine and aldicaine have found that adriptone is more effective in bilocaine in the first molar area after anesthesia in the case of osmotic injection. As with lidocaine, the possibility of successful anesthesia was as high as 3.81 times. However, there is no evidence to support the use of lidocaine for lower alveolar nerve blockers. In addition, despite the successful use of lidocaine for poor dental nerve blockade, it has been shown that aldicaine is superior to the use of supplemental infiltration of persistent pain after lidocaine.

Product application

Aarticaine HCL is a local anesthetic that has been approved overseas for many years. Like other amide anesthetics, opioid receptors block nerve conduction when it penetrates into the nerves. This effect is prolonged by combining the drug with a vasoconstrictor, such as adrenaline.

The combination of opioid and adrenaline can be used for local or regional anesthesia in dental surgery. The anesthesia begins in six minutes and lasts for an hour. The half-life of the artic is about 1.8 hours. It is metabolized and then excreted mainly in the urine.

The application of procaine leads to inhibition of neuronal activity. Depression causes the nervous system to become allergic, causing anxiety and vibration, resulting in mild to severe convulsions. Studies of animals have shown that the use of procaine LEDs increases dopamine and serotonin levels in the brain. Other problems may vary due to individual tolerance to procaine dose. Central nervous system excitation can cause tension and dizziness, if excessive coordination may lead to respiratory failure. Procaine may also cause myocardial weakness leading to cardiac arrest.

procaine can also cause allergic reactions, leading to individual problems of breathing, rash and swelling. The allergic reaction to procaine is usually not against procaine itself, but its metabolite PABA. About one of about 3, 000 people has an atypical form of pseudobase esterase, which does not require hydrolysis of ester anesthetics such as procaine, resulting in increased levels of narcotics in the blood and increased toxicity.

Product description

Levobupivacaine (rINN) is a local anesthetic that is an aminoamide group. It is the S-enantiomer of bupivacaine. It is an amide derivative of azobicaine hydrochloride with an anesthetic properties.

Left bupivacaine reversibly binds to voltage-gated sodium channels to regulate ion flux and prevent neuronal impulses from initiating and delivering (stabilizing neuronal membranes), leading to analgesia and anesthesia. Compared with racemic bupivacaine, levobupivacaine is associated with less vasodilatation and has a longer duration of action.

Zambucaine hydrochloride is a sodium channel blocker for long-acting local anesthetics for epidural anesthesia. Bupivacaine is an isomer of bupivacaine, whose efficacy is similar to that of bupivacaine, reducing the risk of cardiotoxicity.

Scope of application

Levobupivacaine is a local anesthetic that belongs to the amino amide group. It is the S-enantiomer of bupivacaine. Salbutamol hydrochloride is usually marketed by Abbott under the trade name Chirocaine. Bupivacaine is an amide type local anesthetic. Although it blocks nerve conduction, its membrane stabilization also affects the myocardium. This can lead to fatal cardiotoxicity. Because bupivacaine is widely used in surgery and obstetrics, try to develop safer long-acting local anesthetics.

Bupivacaine molecules are racemic compounds. Zambucaine is the S-enantiomer of bupivacaine and is thought to have a lower cardiac toxicity potential than the R-enantiomer. The pharmacokinetic parameters of bupivacaine are similar to bupivacaine.

Product storage

Keep the medicine away from direct sunlight, hot and humid.

Do not let drugs in children's sight and contact.

Levobupivacaine HCL Usage

Levobupivacaine (rINN) is a local anesthetic that is an aminoamide group. It is an S-enantiomer

Of bupivacaine.

Salts of bupivacaine, amide derivatives of anesthetic properties. The left bupivacaine reversibly binds to the voltage - gated sodium channel to regulate the ion flux and prevent initiation and

Spread nerve impulses (stabilize the neuronal membrane), leading to analgesia and anesthesia.

Compared with racemic bupivacaine, levobupivacaine is associated with less vasodilatation and has a longer duration of action.