Pistons #5216293

Goetze LP7 Piston Rings for 4-Stroke Large Bore EnginesThe LP7 ring material is characterized by a predominatly lamellar and uniformly distributed graphite structure in a pearlitic matrix and has good conformability due to a relatively low modulus of elasticity.Non heat-treated grey cast ironMain applications: compression ringsHigh break resistanceDIN 34 109Minimum bending strength: 420 MPaModulus of elasticity: 90 - 120 GPaRing diameter range: 700 mm

Goetze MoThermal Piston Rings for 4-Stroke Large Bore EnginesAll-molybdenum spray coatings have low adhesion tendency due to its proneness to form hard (ceramic) oxides during spraying and its high melting temperature. Applications include diesel engines subject to increased risk of scuffing.Main applications: compression ringsHigh scuff resistance, low adhesion tendencyCoating material: MolybdenumCoating application process: Flame sprayingHardness of coating: Average 900 - 1200 HV 0.1 (permitted variation 60 HV 0.1)Strength: minimum 30NmmIn order to improve the wear resistance and tribological properties of the rings, different coatings have been used on running surfaces for many years. Galvanic coatings, thermal coatings and PVD coatings are used. Spray coatings on piston rings in the top groove are preferred to hard chromium plated rings above all when engines - chiefly diesel engines - are subject to increased risk of scuffing. Materials deposited by a spray process can better withstand this adhesive wear caused by direct metal-to-metal frictional contact, as in some cases they have a very high ceramic content. All-molybdenum has a low adhesion tendency due to its proneness to form hard (ceramic) oxides during spraying and its high melting temperature.

Piston pins perform reliably under the loads and stresses of their environment and feature:Strength and rigidityDurability and a high fatigue thresholdLight weight to keep inertia forces to a minimumSuperior surface finish for good bearing properties within the piston assemblyCost-effective productionMaterials used in Federal-Mogul Powertrain piston pins include:AE308 Boron steel for medium- and heavy-duty diesel applicationsAE527 Chromium steel for cold-extruded gasoline pinsAE530 1 percent Chromium steel for cold-extruded diesel pinsPiston pin fit and clearance must be carefully optimized and controlled to avoid noise and excessive axial movement at one extreme, and scuffing at the other. Federal-Mogul manufactures pins by creating an extruded blank with a finished internal form rather than machining from solid bar. This process reduces waste and gives a high-quality, consistent and internal form. Piston pins are case-hardened, which involves carburizing, heat treatment and tempering to increase wear-resistance, strength and fatigue strength

Avanced Elastoval II gasoline piston technology is based onDeep undercrown pocketsInclined side panelsLightweight pin support designThin walls 2.5 mmOptimized skirt area and flexibilityF-M S2N high performance alloyFeatures and benefits include:15% weight reduction compared with the previous generation gasoline pistonsAllows specific power up to 100 kWLOptimized noise and friction performance Compatible with alfin ring carrier option for increased peak cylinder pressure and robustness against knocking

Federal-Mogul Powertrains aluminum gasoline pistons provide innovative solutions today for tomorrows challenges in light-vehicle gasoline and high-end gasoline engines.Features and benefits include:A patented Elastoval skirt for the highest strength-to-weight ratioA range of proprietary high-temperature alloys including FMB2EconoMiser piston technology with up to 20 percent lower friction

Goetze Rectangular Piston Rings for 4-Stroke Large Bore EnginesPiston ring with rectangular cross section that performs necessary sealing functions under normal operating conditions. With peripheral coating and appropriate barrel face, use is mainly in the top groove in automobile gasoline and diesel engines. In order to secure a good oil film between ring and cylinder, rectangular rings with a symmetrical or asymmetrical-barreled running surface are used as pressure rings in the first groove, as shown below. The running surface is the contour of the ring facing the cylinder surface. The objective of this running surface profile is to create a lubrication slot with a hydrodynamic film which the piston ring can slide on without touching the other surface. An optimized asymmetrical-barreled running surface ensures low lubricant consumption even after a very long running time. The additional angle on the running surface prevents the upper edge of the ring from touching the cylinder and transporting oil upwards into the combustion chamber. A common feature of a piston ring is a slot with a non-circular design. This non-circular form is necessary so that the piston ring exerts an exactly defined pressure over the whole ring circumference when inserted in the circular cylinder. This pressure can be distributed evenly over the circumference; however, a negative oval form is generally aimed for. This means that the pressure in the area of the slot is lower than on the remaining circumference which avoids increased pressure on the slot during operation of the engine.

Goetze Taper Faced Piston Rings for 4-Stroke Large Bore EnginesDue to the tapered running face, the ring contacts the cylinder bore with its bottom outer edge, which shortens running-in and improves oil scraping. Taper faced rings are chiefly installed in the second groove in mainly natural gas engines. A common feature of a piston ring is a slot with a non-circular design. This non-circular form is necessary so that the piston ring exerts an exactly defined pressure over the whole ring circumference when inserted in the circular cylinder. This pressure can be distributed evenly over the circumference; however, a negative oval form is generally aimed for. This means that the pressure in the area of the slot is lower than on the remaining circumference which avoids increased pressure on the slot during operation of the engine.

Goetze Internally Bevelled Piston Rings for 4-Stroke Large Bore EnginesEdge relief on the top side of rectangulartaper faced rings creates a twist effect which, without gas pressure loading, brings the ring into bore contact only with its bottom outer edge while the inner edge contacts the bottom groove side.Compression ringsInternally Bevelled or Stepped Ring in combination with rectangular or taper faced ringOne common feature of all piston rings is a slot and that they are manufactured to be non-circular. This non-circular form is necessary so that the piston ring exerts an exactly defined pressure over the whole ring circumference when inserted in the circular cylinder. This pressure can be distributed evenly over the circumference; however, a negative oval form is generally aimed for. This means that the pressure in the area of the slot is lower than on the remaining circumference which avoids increased pressure on the slot during operation of the engine.

Goetze Keystone Piston Rings for 4-Stroke Large Bore EnginesCompression ring with a wedge cross section. Due to the tapered sides, radial movement of the ring in engine operation will cause the axial clearance in the groove to increase and decrease. This greatly reduces ring sticking.Keystone ringCompression ringIn order to secure an effective oil film between ring and cylinder, rectangular rings with a symmetrical or asymmetrical barrelled running surface are used as pressure rings in the first groove, as shown below. The running surface is the contour of the ring facing the cylinder surface. The objective of this running surface profile is to create a lubrication slot with a hydrodynamic film which the piston ring can slide on without touching the other surface. An optimized asymmetrical-barreled running surface ensures low lubricant consumption even after a very long running time. The additional angle on the running surface prevents the upper edge of the ring from touching the cylinder and transporting oil upwards into the combustion chamber.A common feature of a piston ring is a slot with a non-circular design. This non-circular form is necessary so that the piston ring exerts an exactly defined pressure over the whole ring circumference when inserted in the circular cylinder. This pressure can be distributed evenly over the circumference; however, a negative oval form is generally aimed for. This means that the pressure in the area of the slot is lower than on the remaining circumference which avoids increased pressure on the slot during operation of the engine.

Gallery cooled piston improves power and fuel consumption of downsized gasoline enginesElastothermic cooling gallery reduces the piston crown temperature by about 30CDecreased temperature of the first ring groove by about 50C, consequently reducing carbon deposition and groove & ring wear for long life low oil consumption and blow byReduced risk of uncontrolled combustion such as low speed pre-ignition

Federal-Mogul Powertains's aluminum diesel pistons are designed with the latest technology and best-in-class architecture for both light and heavy-duty vehicles, including gallery cooling where necessary. Features and benefits include:Optimized gallery locations for maximum cooling can result in up to a 10 percent lower bowl rim temperatureAdvanced side-casting techniques significantly improve structural stability (even with thin wall designs)Restructuring of the combustion-bowl rim and bowl base can provide up to a 100 percent increase in fatigue life

This one-piece, rubber-to-metal bonded piston is designed to hydraulically engage clutches to activate the gearshift. It features a compact, one-piece design that:Reduces the number of leak pathsSimplifies assemblyImproves reliabilityEnables more compact design and configurationOur Unipiston replaced the multi-component pistons and seals used in automatic transmission units with a single-piece bonded, sealed piston, delivering more reliable performance with lower in-place cost. The single-piece construction simplifies assembly and reduces potential leak paths.

Federal-Mogul Powertrains scraper rings are available with a comprehensive range of materials, technical designs and running face coatings.Form Optimized (FO) scraper rings provide maximum protection against oil consumption and blowby.Semi-inlaid type running faces utilize a sharp lower edge thats optimal for oil control.Napier and interrupted Napier designs provide additional options for scraper ring oil control. Oil scraping effect can be increased with the addition of a step or twist feature.Most Federal-Mogul Powertrain scraper rings have a step recessed into the bottom outer face, which assures extremely effective oil scraping and increases the unit pressure. Additionally, the step relief causes a positive twist that, without gas pressure, brings the periphery into bore contact with only the very edge of the step. The volume created by the step is beneficial in allowing large amounts of oil to be stored.

The EcoTough coated piston provides important benefits that help meet customer demands for more efficient engine designs, including reduced fuel consumption and CO2 emissions. It combines low wear and low friction in a single application and reduces fuel consumption by 0.8 percent as compared to conventional piston coatings. Key benefits include:Compatible with existing and advanced cylinder bore finishes and can be introduced seamlessly in volume engine production as a running changeComposition provides greater thickness than pistons with conventional coatings, providing additional protectionFulfills stringent environmental standards; contains no toxic solvents Proprietary, advanced piston skirt coating with solid lubricants and carbon fibers reinforcement, especially designed for challenging gasoline applications10% friction reduction in Power Cylinder Unit (piston+rings) vs. standard coatings, up to 0.4% fuel economy improvementCO2 reduction in european drive cycle tests40% less wear than standard gasoline coatings, increased robustness in state-of-art boosted gasoline DI enginesEcoTough is a patented F-M coating

EcoTough-D has been developed for diesel pistons in both aluminum and steel, used in passenger cars and commercial vehicles. A polymer-based coating reinforced with short carbon fibers and containing graphite embedded as a solid lubricant, EcoTough-D reduces piston friction by as much as 35% compared to conventional coatings in the market and improves wear resistance by up to 30%.

Goetze PVD-Coated Piston Rings for 4-Stroke Large Bore EnginesPVD coated piston rings are exceptionally scuff and wear resistant with preferred coatings based on the CrN system. Alternative material systems like DLC (Diamond-Like Carbon) are being increasingly used with a view to reducing friction.Main applications: compression ringsHigh wear resistanceCoating material: PVD - coating (CrN)Coating application process: Physical Vapor Deposition (PVD)Chemical composition of the coating (% by weight): Expressed in crystal structure: CrN predominant (200) orientated, measured by x-ray diffractometerHardness of the coating: 800 - 1400 HV 0.1PVD technology (Physical Vapor Deposition) is a method of depositing hard coatings reactively from the vapor phase onto the surface of piston rings. This involves vaporizing and ionizing a metal by means of an arc or an inert gas ion bombardment. The metal ions are accelerated to the surface of the component, discharged and deposited. In the reactive process, the metal atoms combine with gas atoms, forming nitrides, carbides, oxides, etc. This causes thin and dense coatings to form true to contour on the surface of the component. Owing to the ceramic character of these coatings, PVD coated piston rings are exceptionally scuff resistant and extremely wear resistant. The PVD coatings preferred for piston rings are based on the CrN system. Alternative material systems like DLC (Diamond-Like Carbon) are being increasingly used with a view to reducing friction. DLC coated piston rings in gasoline engine applications demonstrate a significantly improved early life behaviour and reduced cylinder wear especially in combination with Al cylinder surfaces. Given the ceramic structure of PVD coatings, they are characterized by high residual stresses, placing restrictions on the usable coating thickness and the ring design (O.D. edge). However, it is anticipated that further improvement of the coating systems (multi-layer, multi-component, graduated hard coatings) compared to the CrN systems mostly in service today will enable more widespread use in the future. However, due to the very complex manufacturing process involved, for most applications it is too expensive. In addition, the limited coating thickness of up to around 50 m is not sufficient for diesel operation in order to satisfy current requirements for the service life of rings.

DuraBowl Piston Reinforcement Partial Bowl-Edge Re-melting features:Extreme refinement of aluminum material structure created by localized re-melting using TIG technologyUp to 4 times improved durability in high specific power engines compared to pistons without bowl re-melting. Allows higly stressed combustion bowl shapesF-M DuraBowl process extends aluminum piston limits in the most challenging applications by increasing the fatigue strength (cycles) of the piston

The next-generation of the award-winning Monosteel piston, Magnum Monosteel, reduces piston mass by up to seven percent and includes key design features that reduce friction for improved fuel economy and lower emissions. Key features include:Double-band piston skirt design, a first for modern diesel pistonsDual friction-welded construction, enabling large cooling galleries for high temperature resistance and strengthFriction reduction of 17 percent, when compared to conventional steel piston designsEvolution of Monosteel with improved fuel economy for On-highway and industrial diesel engines.One percent (1%) fuel economy achieved through reduced reciprocating mass (up to 7%) and up to 40% reduction in skirt area.17% average friction reduction over conventional pistons in engine testsLower temperatures due to Monosteel design of cooling gallery leading to increased durabilityPatents pending

Goetze Diamond Coating (GDC) Piston Rings for 4-Stroke Large Bore EnginesA refinement of chrome ceramic coatings, Goetze Diamond Coating (GDC 50) has proved its excellent wear-resistance in large bore engines. It is a hard chromium coating reinforced with minute diamond particles embedded in the extremely fine crack network.Goetze Diamond Coating (GDC) galvanic coatingMain applications: compression ringsExtremely high wear resistance, low cylinder wear, high thermal loading capacityCoating material: Chromium and diamondCoating application process: Electrochemical depositionCoating structure: Chromium coating with diamond (C)Hardness of coating: 900 - 1200 HV 0.1In order to improve the wear resistance and tribological properties of the rings, different coatings have been used on running surfaces for many years. Galvanic coatings, thermal coatings and PVD coatings are used. With demands on the load levels of modern internal combustion engines ever increasing, there is often a need to improve the thermal andor mechanical load carrying capacity of piston ring coatings beyond early life. The patented coating system "Hard Chromium Matrix with Hard Particles Embedded in the Microcrack Network" meets such requirements for the whole life (thickness) of the coating. The variants resulting from the development effort, namely CKS (chromium with aluminium oxide ceramic) and GDC (chromium with microdiamond), have a crack network that extends either part-way or all the way through the thickness of the coating, depending on requirements, and is reinforced with embedded hard particles. As a refinement of the chrome ceramic coating, the Goetze Diamond Coating (GDC 50) has proved its excellent wear-resistance in large bore engines. Instead of aluminium oxide particles which are embedded in the micro fissure network of the CKS layer, small diamond particles are used. This is a hard chromium coating reinforced with minute diamond particles embedded in the extremely fine crack network with substructure. Compared to CKS, the coating wear was halved and scuff resistance further improved without significantly increasing cylinder wear. These diamond particles have both higher wear-resistance and offer the advantage that they turn into carbon at high local temperature peaks. This produces a self-lubricating effect (like graphite inclusions) and hence gives the coating higher scuff resistance.

Goetze KV1 Piston Rings for 4-Stroke Large Bore EnginesKV1, a low-alloyed heat-treated nodular cast iron, is a preferred material for compression rings. It is characterized by a bending strength >1300 MPa and high modulus of elasticity due to its martensitic microstructure and spherulitic graphite structure.Spheroidal graphite cast ironMain applications: compression ringsHigh bending strength, high modulus of elasticityISO 6621-3, subclass 52Minimum bending strength: 1300 MPaModulus of elasticity: min. 150 GPaRing diameter range: 600 mm

Goetze CR4 Piston Rings for 4-Stroke Large Bore EnginesHard chromium coatings are used on compression rings where the mechanicalthermal loads are greatest and on oil control rings with particularly high unit pressure. Special lapping improves oil film formation and the scuff threshold loads.CR4 Chrome coatingMain applications: compression rings, oil control ringsHigh wear resistance, low cylinder wearCoating material: chromiumCoating application process: electrochemical depositionHardness of coating: 900 - 1200 HV 0.1In order to improve the wear resistance and tribological properties of the rings, different coatings have been used on running surfaces for many years. Galvanic coatings, thermal coatings and PVD coatings are used. Coatings can suffer damage in early life or after lengthy operating times. Adhesive wear (scuffing) andor fatigue-related peeling (the "peel and polish" phenomenon) can occur. For these reasons we developed a special surface topography, the special lap finish, as an addition to the standard lapping process used for hard chromium coatings. Special lapping improves oil film formation in early life and shifts the scuff threshold of hard chromed rings towards higher tolerable loads. The surface structure - plateaus alternating with valleys - eliminates roughness peaks, creates good bearing surfaces for a tight seal and contains oil pockets with the result that critical early-life conditions are better controlled.

Goetze CKS Piston Rings for 4-Stroke Large Bore EnginesCKS was developed specifically for piston rings in the top groove in highly rated diesel engines. CKS has a crack network filled with aluminum oxide ceramic particles, giving significantly lower wear rate and scuff resistance compared to hard chromium.Chrome ceramic coating (CKS) galvanic coatingMain applications: compression ringsHigh wear resistance, low cylinder wear, high thermal loading capacityCoating material: Chromium and aluminium oxideCoating application process: Electrochemical depositionCoating structure: Chromium coating with aluminium oxide (Al203)Hardness of coating: 900 - 1200 HV 0.1In order to improve the wear resistance and tribological properties of the rings, different coatings have been used on running surfaces for many years. Galvanic coatings, thermal coatings and PVD coatings are used. With demands on the load levels of modern internal combustion engines ever increasing, there is often a need to improve the thermal andor mechanical load carrying capacity of piston ring coatings beyond early life. The patented coating system "Hard Chromium Matrix with Hard Particles Embedded in the Microcrack Network" meets such requirements for the whole life (thickness) of the coating. The variants resulting from the development effort, namely CKS (chromium with aluminium oxide ceramic) and GDC (chromium with microdiamond), have a crack network that extends either part-way or all the way through the thickness of the coating, depending on requirements, and is reinforced with embedded hard particles.

Goetze F14 Piston Rings for 4-Stroke Large Bore EnginesAlloyed grey cast irons are used in a heat-treated condition (F14). Besides having a high bending strength and modulus of elasticity, an increased hardness of 320 to 470HB is produced to meet the required wear resistance in the uncoated condition.Carbidic cast ironMain applications: compression ringsHigh bending strength, high modulus of elasticity, high wear resistanceISO 6621-3, subclass 32Minimum bending strength: 650 MPaModulus of elasticity: 130 - 160 GPaRing diameter range: 700 mm

Goetze K4 Piston Rings for 4-Stroke Large Bore EnginesKV4, a low-alloyed heat-treated nodular cast iron, is a preferred material for compression rings. For increased stresses a higher hardness is created by varying the martensite morphology. Bending strength > 1300 MPa with a high modulus of elasticity.Spheroidal graphite cast ironMain applications: compression ringsHigh bending strength, high modulus of elasticityISO 6621-3, subclass 56Minimum bending strength: 1300 MPaModulus of elasticity: min. 150GPaRing diameter range: 1000 mm

Daros GP50 Piston Rings for 2-Stroke Large Bore EnginesThe GP50 (CGI) high strength cast iron ring material is characterized by a vermicular graphite structure with pearlitic matrix and special carbides for LBE applications.Compression ringsTechnological properties: high strength above 145 mm nominal diameterISO 6621-3, subclass 50Minimum bending strength: 900 MPaModulus of elasticity: minimum 140 GPaRing diameter range: 1000 mmIn order to satisfy the high requirements for piston rings, the basic material used in Federal-Mogul Powertrain piston rings comprises high-quality lamellar or spherolithic cast materials. The basic material is selected from a wide range according to application and fuel quality.

Goetze STD Piston Rings for 4-Stroke Large Bore EnginesThe STD ring material is characterized by a fine-lamellar graphite structure in a pearlitic matrix and has good conformability due to a relatively low modulus of elasticity.Non heat-treated grey cast ironMain applications: compression rings, oil control ringsGood conformabilityISO 6621-3, subclass 12Minimum bending strength: 350 MPaModulus of elasticity: 85 - 115 GPaRing diameter range: 700 mm

Goetze NiC Piston Rings for 4-Stroke Large Bore EnginesNiC is a thermal sprayed coating which is mainly used on top of a wear resistant coating to achieve a smooth running in of ring and liner.NiC thermal coatingMain applications: compression ringsRunning-in coatingCoating material: NiC powder materialCoating application process: Plasma sprayingChemical composition of the coating (% by weight): Ni: 68-87, C: 18-31, O: < 3

Goetze AlBz Piston Rings for 4-Stroke Large Bore EnginesAlBz is a thermal sprayed coating which is mainly used on top of a wear resistant coating to achieve a smooth running in of ring and liner.Main applications: compression ringsRunning-in coatingCoating material: AlCuFeCoating application process: Arc wire sprayingChemical composition of the coating (% by weight): Al: 5-7, Fe 1-3, Others: max. 0.5, Rest: CuHardness of the coating: Average 105-158 HV 0.1

Goetze MKP 81A Piston Rings for 4-Stroke Large Bore EnginesMetal-ceramic composite coatings today predominate in most diesel engine applications as armoring for the running face of piston rings. The MKP 81A coating is used particularly successfully in different applications subject to increased risk of scuffing.MKP 81A thermal coatingMain applications: compression ringsHigh wear resistance, low cylinder wear and enhanced thermal loading capacityCoating material: Powder composed of molybdenum and hard materialCoating application process: Plasma sprayingChemical composition of the coating (% by weight): Mo: 67-77, Ni: 16-24, Cr: 3.0-7.0, C: 0.5-2.0Hardness of the coating: Average 370 - 860 HV 0.1Strength: minimum 35NmmIn order to improve the wear resistance and tribological properties of the rings, different coatings have been used on running surfaces for many years. Galvanic coatings, thermal coatings and PVD coatings are used. Spray coatings on piston rings in the top groove are preferred to hard chromium plated rings above all when engines - chiefly diesel engines - are subject to increased risk of scuffing. Materials deposited by a spray process can better withstand this adhesive wear caused by direct metal-to-metal frictional contact, as in some cases they have a very high ceramic content. Metal-ceramic composite coatings today predominate in most applications as armoring for the running face of piston rings in diesel engines, while molybdenum coatings are now only used occasionally because of their comparatively low wear resistance. For the manufacture of metal-ceramic composite coatings the plasma spraying process is still largely used. The coating known by the name MKP 81A is used particularly successfully in different applications.